2004-08-04

Riemer先生

  结识Manfred Riemer先生是他有一次在工作邮件里署名‘李莫非’。这让我大吃一惊,然后就聊开了。他说那边的中国同事说这名字一看就不是地道的中国人。我说还不错,和‘李莫愁’,‘李慕白’什么的差不了多少,满侠气,还挺哲学的。
  然后就闲聊了一些,Riemer先生问问为什么‘大家’是all together,‘一把马’对不对之类,我呢,毫不愧疚地列上一串Oracle reorganization或者performance的细节问题。Riemer先生是非常好的人,回答细致得令我羞愧,并且不厌其烦地顺便解释代码里德语标识的含义。老实讲,我提的问题是非常乏味的,谁喜欢没完没了地工作呢?
  后来整理一下邮箱,发现以前就找他帮过忙。头一回是个小问题,因为临近圣诞,最后我说Merry Christmas,他问你们中国人不是不过这个节吗?其实我们对客户都说这句话,好让他们一高兴忘了投诉我们。我向他解释,我们是不过,但现在因为老外越来越多,上海这样的城市到时候也是会多少装点一下,安慰一下逗留在这里的外国人,并且年轻人也会在这天晚上跑出来玩什么的。
  后来是一个澳洲客户抱怨,也找他,他问了一下缘由,其实也是一个很小的细节,完全可以解释说服一下了事,他很爽快地重新编译了一个临时版本发给了我们,花了两天时间。
  Riemer先生去年到过北京旅游,对中国有很浓的兴趣。
  所以他说,你愿意的话就可以给我发发信什么的,他想多了解一些中国。
  最近一次是问卡夫卡的Hellespont那段话,显然问对了人。Riemer先生回复了一篇很详尽的德英对照版的原文。最后我只好借花献佛,把Jean的中文译文,也堪堪地排上英文发给他。他很高兴,说要打印了回家好好读读。
  到这里就向他打了个招呼。他说那周三下班约我们喝咖啡,然后送我们回旅馆。那天临下课正查问题,误了时间,迟到对德国人来说是很糟的事情,跑下楼使劲道歉,Riemer先生倒非常和气。临了他问我们想干什么,然后改主意决定带我们去Mannheim玩,他说那里值得一看。
  Kat一边下楼梯一边问我,怎么你们以前也没见过吗,怎么初次见面就对我们这么好啊?我说是啊是啊,就写过email,还都是问问题,他人真非常好。
  那天唯一的遗憾是没有带相机。Mannheim非常漂亮,有巨大的水塔喷泉。
  Riemer先生是个非常绅士的人,沉静,讲话慢悠悠的,很睿智,什么事都和气地征求我们的意见。然后说周日带我们去莱茵河谷去玩,同时很抱歉地说,他再往后要和太太去丹麦度假去了,所以不能带我们去更多的地方了。就这个,我们也已经高兴坏了。
  Riemer先生很雅致,他安排的行程,包括他觉得美丽的景点,卖各色纪念品的特色小街,最后在城里慢慢逛一圈感受这个城市。
  偶尔冒几个中文词,音非常准。吃饭的时候,他提到了李白,我又吃惊坏了,说你这水平都好拿个证书了。
  要命的是,他不仅知道李白,还知道有一首诗,说什么moon light shed before my bed,.... When I raise up my head, I see the moon. When I turn it down, I think of my hometown. 然后还知道另一首是说The sun goes down behind the high moutain, the long river runs into the sea. If you want to see further, go one stair up.
  我只好说,well, you get a Plus.
  然后我们说还有一个叫杜甫,他点头,对对,杜甫,并且知道他俩风格各异。Plus plus.
  最后我们问那白居易呢?他也知道。Plus plus plus.
  他问了我们毛泽东,文革,大跃进,《英雄》,《我的父亲母亲》,《一个也不能少》,对越自卫反击战是怎么开始的,上弦月,下弦月,农历的闰月是怎么算出来的。其中后面几个问题,我感到非常困难,答不上来,并且衷心地惭愧,一个人对自己的文化都不明白是很糟糕的。
  Riemer先生有三个儿子,最小的那个也20了。所以,他对我们象逗小孩一样,去莱茵的路上,他对太太说,你知道吗,我只要一说中文词,他们就高兴坏了,叽叽喳喳说个没完。最后回来,Riemer太太问我们,今天玩儿高兴了吧?
  那是非常长的一天旅行,Riemer太太回来的时候很累了。我们只带了包茉莉花茶当礼物。
  在如画的莱茵河畔,午后的阳光照到车里,城堡在对岸的青山里一个接一个出现,Riemer先生稳稳当当开着车,我和kat忍不住坠入了梦乡。

------------------------------------
click
评论人:linz 评论日期:2004-8-5 16:36


  Riemer先生看起来真的挺有意思的,这个导游不错哦
评论人:shellgirl 评论日期:2004-8-5 16:49


  啊?乱看到了曼海姆啦?那可是影响了从海顿到莫扎特不少音乐家作曲风格的Stamitz们兴起曼海姆乐派的地方啊,神往之至....
  有没有拍几张选帝侯宫廷的片片来?
  :P
评论人:丝管醉春风 评论日期:2004-8-5 22:01


  唔,看帖不仔细,你没有带相机....
  :S
评论人:丝管醉春风 评论日期:2004-8-5 22:01


  上下弦月我记得你该知道。
  关于闰月怎样出来,比较复杂。用中国话讲都比较复杂,何况还要解释。
  它的出现在历法上是有具体的规矩的。添加的方法,夹在哪个月后还牵涉到农历的节气问题。如果确实想知道,我会趸给你这个小知识。
评论人:linz 评论日期:2004-8-6 10:41


  对丝管说得也很向往。原来这样一个音乐圣地!丝管能否简单介绍一下呢,扫一下我们的盲。stamitz是什么阿?
评论人:linz 评论日期:2004-8-6 10:45


  哈哈,帮我找找啊。我答应以后回答人家的。
  我当时就说:I don't know, should ask my sister. My sister knows such star things. :))
评论人:乱看 评论日期:2004-8-6 14:59


  Mannheim离这边很近,是附近的铁路大站,转车都要过Mannhei或Heidelberg
  估计还会去的,下次争取拍照片。:)
  夏天的欧洲真是非常好,太阳9:30以后下山,下班后转转的时候,正有好光线,能拍出很好的片片来。
评论人:乱看 评论日期:2004-8-6 15:08


  曼海姆乐派(Mannheimer Schule),在西方音乐史上专指十八世纪时法耳茨选帝侯卡尔·提奥多尔公爵宫廷中的一群音乐家,其中最著名的人物就是施塔米茨父子。
  提奥多尔公爵酷爱艺术,据说他为各种艺术、科研和教育机构花了三千五百万弗罗林。当时的曼海姆,艺术家云集,是整个德国乃至欧洲最辉煌的文化艺术中心之一。
  这个乐派大致分为三代,老一代音乐家里面,约翰·施塔米茨是乐派的创立者,他训练出来的选帝侯宫廷乐队在当时的欧洲声名极盛,新一代音乐家中,卡尔·施塔米茨则是至今仍然最受喜爱的作曲家之一,我很早以前的一篇博客里曾提到在公园里听他的单簧管协奏曲,那种美丽,语言无法描述。
  曼海姆乐派形成的时代,是西方音乐从巴洛克晚期过渡到古典主义早期的重要发展阶段,这个乐派的风格对后来维也纳古典乐派的影响不可低估,比如莫扎特d小调第20钢琴协奏曲第三乐章的开头,那段辉煌的管弦乐,就被认为是典型的“曼海姆焰火”。
  临时在网上找了两个链接,更多的资料,感兴趣的朋友可以继续搜索:
  http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Mannheim%20school
  http://www.hoasm.org/XIIA/XIIAMannheimSchool.html
评论人:丝管醉春风 评论日期:2004-8-6 23:13


  多谢丝管!
  
  乱看的闰月解释来了,请乱看看。
  
  1, 基础知识
  农历历年长度是以回归年长度为准的。回归年就是地球绕太阳运转的周期。一个回归年长度为365.2422日。
  朔望月是以月相变化的周期为长度的。12个朔望月长度即为354天左右,会比回归年少11天左右。
  我国农历其实是一种阴阳历。以朔望为主,即在每个农历月中任何一天都含有月相的意义, 同时须兼顾季节变化。
  地球绕太阳公转每15度定为一个节气。所以每年有24的节气。24节气在阳历中一般固定在每月的月初和月尾。上半年是6号21号左右,下半年8号23号左右。
  
  2, 我国历法规定
  我国古代历法规定,每年以立春为第一节气。24节气分为2组,单数叫“节气”; 双数叫“中气”。 农历月的序数由当月所包含的中气决定。雨水所在月份定为正月。
  具体就是:
  节气:立春,惊蛰,清明,立夏,芒种,小暑,立秋,白露,寒露,立冬,大雪,小寒
  中气:雨水,春分,谷雨,小满,夏至,大暑,处暑,秋分,霜降,小雪,冬至,大寒
  月份:一月,二月,三月,四月,五月,六月,七月,八月,九月,十月,十一,十二.
  
  历法又规定把不包含中气的月份作为前一个月的闰月。之所以把没有中气的月份作为闰月,就是为了使每个月保持原有的中气。无中气的月份按规定就是上月序数前加上个闰字作该月名称。
  
  我国农历为了兼顾回归年与朔望月长度的要求,采取了19年7闰的方法使农历年与回归年大致相符。即19年中12个为平年,7个为闰年。(19年中有19X12=228个节气,中气;而有235个朔望月,所以显然有7个月会没有节气中气,因此没有中气的月就可定为闰月)
  特殊情况(极少),没有中气的月份会多于7个,这是因为有可能有一个月会含有一个节气两个中气。所以补充规定:如果某月无中气,但在其前一个月或前两个月里包含有两个中气,这样的月不能作为闰月。
  
  3,常识与例子:
  由于地球公转速度不均匀性,农历中闰五月闰四月特别多,极罕闰十一月,没有闰十二月和正月。
  今年是1947年来第一次闰二月。今年的闰二月中就是只有清明这个节气,而没有中气。具体的日期是这样的
  今年农历二月
  惊蛰,在农历2月15, 阳历是3月5日
  春分,在农历2月30,阳历3月20
  闰二月
  清明,农历闰2月15,阳历4月4
  三月
  谷雨,农历3月初二,阳历4月20
  立夏,农历3月17,阳历5月5日
  
  农历闰月的安插是人为规定的,历代安插的方法不尽相同。秦代以前有些时候是把闰月放在一年年末,叫“十三月”。汉代将闰月放在九月之后,叫“后九月”。到了汉武帝太初元年,又把闰月分插在一年的各月。以后才规定无中气的月份作前一个月的闰月,并沿用至今。
  
  关于24节气,似乎是我国特有。其它文明也有的是至日solstice与春秋分equinox,这种古代天文的观察对人类来说最易得到,因为这是昼夜时间长短的分界点。
  
  朔望月的月相次序是:朔(初一),上弦,望(十五或十六),下弦。上下弦是半对半的时候,天文上具体也到日,时。平常生活中似乎没有这么严格。
评论人:linz 评论日期:2004-8-9 11:01


  啊,天哪,让我慢慢学习学习清楚,这可怎么翻哪……
评论人:乱看 评论日期:2004-8-9 15:31


  把翻译帖上来,实在很费劲。哪里有错请千万指正啊。
  
  Part 1: The Basics
   
  Chinese Lunar Year (called as farmer’s calendar year, because lunar calendar is also named as farmer’s calendar) is based on the length of tropical year. Tropical year is the cycle of the earth moves around the sun. A tropical year contains 365.2422 days.
  
  Shuo-Wang Month (the lunar month) is based on the cycle of moon change. 12 lunar months make up the length of 354 days, which is 11 days less than a tropical year.
   
  Chinese Lunar Calendar is composed of both tropical year and moon changes. It is mainly based on Shuo-Wang Month, that is, each day of a lunar month has a fixed moon shape. At the same time, the calendar also includes the season changes.
  
  Every 15 degree the earth moves around the sun, a Jie-Qi (solar term) is defined. Thus there are 24 solar terms in a year. They are generally in some fix days in the solar calendar (the calendar we use today, I think), at the beginning of the month or at the end. For the first half year, it is on 6 or 21 in the month. In the second half, it is on 8 or 23.
  

  Part 2: The rules for Chinese Calendar
   
  According to the ancient calendar rules, each year begins with Li-Chun (means the beginning of the spring) as the first solar term. The 24 solar terms are divided into two groups, the odd ones are called Jie-Qi (solar term), the even ones are called Zhong-Qi (mid term, the middle between 2 solar terms, ?, don’t know how to translate). The sequence of lunar month is determined by the Zhong-Qi in the month. The month that contains Yu-Shui (rain, a Zhong-Qi, you can see it in the following chart) is defined as the first month (we called Zheng-Yue).
   
  The details are: (表格就不在这里画了,见原文)
  
  Jie-Qi:
   (meaning of the words)

   Li Chun   (spring begins)
   Jing Zhe  (excited insects, generally excited by the spring thunder)
   Qing Ming  (clear and brightness, this day is to honor the ancestor)
   Li Xia  (summer begins)
   Mang Zhong (grain in ear)
   Xiao Shu  (slight heat)
   Li Qiu  (Autumn begins)
   Bai Lu  (the white dew)
   Han Lu  (cold dew)
   Li Dong  (winter begins)
   Da Xue  (heavy snow)
   Xiao Han  (slight cold)
  
  Zhong-Qi:  
  
   Yu Shui  (rain water)
   Chun Fen  (vernal equinox,half spring or mid spring, this day, the sun the just above the equator, it is Mar. 20 or Mar.21, day has the same length as night)
   Gu Yu  (corn rain)
   Xiao Man  (grain fills)
   Xia Zhi  (the Summer Solstice, summer extreme, the longest day time, shortest shadow, Jun.21)
   Da Shu  (great heat)
   Chu Shu  (end of heat)
   Qiu Fen  (the autumnal equinox, mid autumn or half autumn. agian sun above the equator, day has the same length as night, it is on Sep.23)
   Shuang Jiang  (hoar frost descends)
   Xiao Xue  (light snow)
   Dong Zhi  (winter extreme, Dec 22 or Dec 23, longest night)
   Da Han  (great cold)
  
  Lunar Month:
    
   Jan
   Feb
   Mar.
   Apr
   May
   Jun
   Jul
   Aug
   Sep
   Oct
   Nov
   Dec
  
  (interesting enough, my Chinese-English dictionary contains the translation for the Jie-Qi. Some is not accurate, after check with google, I get all the meanings correctly, interesting)
  
  The calendar also defines the lunar month without a Zhong-Qi as a leap (double) month of the previous one. (Since Jie-Qi and Zhong-Qi are defined by sun cycle, it is possible some Jie-Qi drops in a lunar month without Zhong-Qi. –LK notes). The reason why defines the month without Zhong-Qi as leap month, is to keep each month has the original Zhong-Qi. The month without Zhong-Qi is named as the previous month add a word Run (means double, leap) as pre-fix.
   
  To compromise the length difference between tropical year and lunar month, Chinese Lunar Calendar adopts the method of 7 double months every 19 years to make the lunar year has the approximately same length as tropical year. That is, in every 19 years, 12 years are ordinary years, 7 are leap years. ( 19 years have 19x12=228 Jie-Qi or Zhong-Qi, but there are 235 lunar months. So obviously there are 7 lunar month without Jie-Qi or Zhong-Qi. Thus the months without Zhong-Qi is defined as leap month)
   
  Very seldomly, the months without Zhong-Qi will be more than 7 because it is possible that one lunar month contains one Jie-Qi together with 2 Zhong-Qi. So the supplementary: If a month has no Zhong-Qi, but the previous one month or the one before that contains 2 Zhong-Qi, it can’t be a leap month.
 
 
  Part 3: Common Sense and Examples
    
  As the speed that earth moves around sun is not constant, in Chinese Lunar Calendar there are more leap Apr. or leap May, very seldom leap Nov., none leap Dec or Jan.
    
  This year has the first leap Feb. ever since 1947. In leap Feb this year, there is only the Jie-Qi Qing-Ming, no Zhong-Qi. The exact is:
  
  Feb in Lunar Calendar this year:
  Jing-Zhe, on Feb. 15 in lunar calendar, that is Mar. 5 in current solar calendar.
  Chun-Fen, on Feb. 30 in lunar calendar, that is Mar. 20 in current solar calendar.

  Leap Feb. of this year:
  Qing-Ming, on leap Feb.15 in lunar calendar, that is Apr. 4 in current solar calendar.

  Mar.:
  Gu-Yu, on Mar. 2 in lunar calendar, that is Apr. 20 in current solar calendar.
  Li-Xia, on Mar. 17 in lunar calendar, that is May. 5 in current solar calendar.
  
  The leap month is defined by people, thus the way how to define is not always the same in the history. Before Qin Dynasty (221 BC – 202 BC), sometime the leap month is added at the end of the year, called the 13th month. In Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD), the leap month is placed after Sep, called the post-Sep. The first year of the King Han-Wu-Di (104 BC), the leap month is distributed into each month of the year. Afterwards, it is re-defined that month without Zhong-Qi to be the leap month of the previous month. This rule keeps in use until today.
  
  It seems that only China has 24 solar terms. In other cultures, there are also solstice and equinox, which is relatively easy to detect as they are the cut points of day-night length.
  
  The moon shape sequence of a Shuo-Wang month (lunar month) is:
  
  Shuo (new moon, moon and sun are at the same longitude, the 1st ), Shang-Xian (upper string, first quarter moon, z moon, bright side points to west. Faint, I get contradict information on net, totally confused, need to check with others... take it as this way for current.. Am I able to find way out of the moon shapes some day? :-( ), Wang (full moon, 15th or 16th ), Xia-Xian (down string, last quarter moon, a moon, bright side points to east). Shang-Xian and Xia-Xian are the time when moon is in strictly half to half shape, precise to time and date in Astronomy. However, it is not so strict in daily life.
  
  
  --The end.
 
评论人:乱看 评论日期:2004-8-10 22:45


  http://skyandtelescope.com/observing/objects/moon/article_1173_1.asp
  The photo of a crescent moon.
  When the moon waxing, it becomes upper-cord (waxing moon)
  
评论人:linz 评论日期:2004-8-11 10:55


  and the photo was taken at Pescadero...refer to Jean's blog dated Aug. 9, 2004.
  
评论人:linz 评论日期:2004-8-11 10:59


  In this link of the crescent moon, there is also a moon phase pic for today. Today's lunar date is 26th. So the moon is a waning moon with the lower-string.
评论人:linz 评论日期:2004-8-11 11:16


  我的问题是:
  http://www.tam.gov.tw/faq/020925.htm
  台湾这个站点和你给的那张图是一个意思,上弦月亮面朝西
  要命的是,这个:
  http://www.losn.com.cn/twahz/moon/3_7.htm
  那图为什么亮面是朝东呢?
  
  你给的那张照片是,亮面朝西偏下,有没有可能是西朝上呢?是和季节相关吗?
评论人:乱看 评论日期:2004-8-11 16:14


  我知道你的毛病了。
  第一张链接我打不开。
  从第二个链接,我发现你遗漏一个关键环节。
  你所看到的有月面详情的图片是通过天文望远镜拍摄的,通过它看到的是倒像。上下,左右颠倒的。
  然而,你可以点开新月,残月的直观(肉眼观测)图片,那样月相的盈亏方向就很明显了。
  
  平时也可在夜晚不时看看月亮。
  
  祝愉快。
评论人:linz 评论日期:2004-8-16 10:47


  原来如此!
评论人:乱看 评论日期:2004-8-16 15:12


  And in English, the definite Shang Xian has a specific term of ' the first quarter of moon', Xia Xian ' the last quarter of moon'.
评论人:linz 评论日期:2004-8-17 10:01

No comments:

Post a Comment